Knowra Philippine–American War Philippine–American War An armed conflict fought from 1899 to 1902 between the United States and Filipino forces after the United States took control of the Philippines from Spain.
Treaty of Paris (1898) : The 1898 treaty in which Spain ceded the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico to the United States after the Spanish–American War. Its transfer of sovereignty placed the Philippines under U.S. control without Filipino consent.
Emilio Aguinaldo : Filipino revolutionary leader and president who led resistance to Spanish and then U.S. rule. As commander and president, he directed the Filipino government and forces early in the war.
Philippine Revolution : The 1896–1898 Filipino revolt against Spanish colonial rule, which established a revolutionary government and army. Its unfinished struggle for independence continued after Spain’s defeat and became resistance to U.S. rule.
Philippine–American War casualties : The deaths and injuries among combatants and civilians during the Philippine–American War, with civilian mortality especially high. The human toll extended far beyond battlefield deaths through famine, disease, and displacement.
Philippine Insurrection : The historical U.S. name for the Philippine–American War, framing Filipino resistance as rebellion against American authority. The label assumes U.S. sovereignty, the central point disputed by Filipino opponents of annexation.
Battle of Manila (1899) : The opening major battle of the Philippine–American War, fought in Manila on February 4–5, 1899. The clash transformed mounting tension between U.S. troops and Filipino forces into open war.
Antonio Luna : Filipino general who organized the revolutionary army and fought U.S. forces before his assassination in 1899. His efforts to build a disciplined army shaped Filipino resistance during the war’s conventional phase.
Spanish–American War : The 1898 war between Spain and the United States that ended Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. U.S. victory displaced Spain but did not grant Filipino independence.
Benevolent assimilation : The U.S. policy announced in 1898 that presented American rule in the Philippines as protection and reform. Its promise of benevolent governance contrasted with the coercion used to suppress resistance.
Spanish colonial Philippines : The Philippine archipelago under Spanish rule from the sixteenth century until 1898. The change from Spanish to U.S. rule did not fulfill Filipino demands for self-government.
Show all 25