Philippine independence

Philippine independence was the establishment of the Republic of the Philippines as a sovereign state on July 4, 1946, ending United States rule.

Philippine Revolution: An armed struggle against Spanish colonial rule that began in 1896 and led to the First Philippine Republic. The revolution began the longer struggle for Philippine self-government that preceded independence.
Treaty of Manila (1946): The agreement by which the United States recognized Philippine independence and relinquished sovereignty on July 4, 1946. It formalized the transfer of sovereignty on the date the Republic was established.
Republic of the Philippines: The sovereign state established on July 4, 1946, after the United States relinquished colonial rule. The republic was the state created by the independence transfer.
Philippine Declaration of Independence: The declaration of independence from Spain proclaimed by Filipino revolutionaries on June 12, 1898. The 1898 declaration asserted independence, but did not establish internationally recognized sovereignty.
Philippine-American War: A conflict from 1899 to 1902 between the United States and Filipino forces resisting American rule. Its outcome placed the Philippines under United States control after Spain's defeat.
Manuel Roxas: The first president of the independent Republic of the Philippines, serving from 1946 until 1948. Roxas led the new republic at the moment sovereignty passed from the United States.
Hukbalahap Rebellion: A postwar insurgency in the Philippines led by the Hukbalahap, a movement that had resisted Japanese occupation. Postwar conflict exposed unresolved social and political tensions in the new republic.
First Philippine Republic: A revolutionary government inaugurated in 1899 that claimed Philippine sovereignty before American rule was consolidated. It was an earlier republic whose independence claim was defeated by the Philippine-American War.
Philippine Commonwealth: A transitional government established in 1935 to prepare the Philippines for independence from the United States. The Commonwealth was the planned transition to sovereignty, interrupted by Japanese occupation.
Philippine Constitution of 1935: The constitution that governed the Philippine Commonwealth and provided the framework for the independent republic. Its institutions and presidency continued into the new republic.

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