Philippine Revolution

An armed struggle that began in 1896 in which Filipino revolutionaries fought to end Spanish colonial rule and establish independence.

Katipunan: A secret revolutionary society founded in 1892 to win Philippine independence from Spain. Its networks organized the revolt that began in 1896.
Spanish colonial period in the Philippines: The period of Spanish rule over the Philippines, beginning in the sixteenth century and ending in 1898. The revolution arose from centuries of colonial administration and social change.
Andrés Bonifacio: A Filipino revolutionary who founded the Katipunan and led the early independence movement. His leadership helped launch the revolt and later clashed with Aguinaldo’s faction.
Declaration of Philippine Independence: The proclamation of Philippine independence from Spain made by Emilio Aguinaldo’s government on June 12, 1898. It expressed the revolution’s central aim after Spanish power collapsed.
Cry of Pugad Lawin: A 1896 uprising in which Katipunan members publicly rejected Spanish authority, often symbolized by tearing their cedulas. It marks the revolution’s outbreak, though accounts differ over the event’s date and location.
Propaganda Movement: A late nineteenth-century campaign by Filipino reformists seeking political and social reforms under Spanish rule. Its writings spread nationalist ideas that helped prepare the ground for revolution.
Apolinario Mabini: A Filipino intellectual and statesman who advised the revolutionary government and defended Philippine independence. His political counsel helped shape the revolutionary government after the uprising resumed.
First Philippine Republic: The Philippine republic inaugurated in 1899 under Emilio Aguinaldo, also known as the Malolos Republic. It institutionalized the revolutionary claim to independent government.
Tejeros Convention: A March 1897 assembly of revolutionaries that elected a new revolutionary government in Cavite. Its elections exposed a leadership conflict within the revolutionary movement.
José Rizal: A Filipino writer and reformist whose novels and political essays criticized Spanish colonial rule. His execution in 1896 intensified opposition, though he rejected violent revolution.

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