Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society

A scientific journal published by the Royal Society since 1665, covering research in the natural sciences and mathematics. It is widely regarded as the first journal devoted exclusively to science.

Henry Oldenburg: A German-born scholar who served as the Royal Society’s first secretary and edited its early journal. As founding editor, he launched the journal in 1665 and sustained its early publication.
Scientific journal: A periodical publication that communicates research and scholarship in a field. The journal helped establish the scientific periodical as a durable publication form.
Scientific publishing: The preparation and dissemination of scholarly research through books, journals, and other publications. The journal became an enduring model within the broader system of research publishing.
Newton's laws of motion: Three principles relating forces to the motion of bodies in classical mechanics. Early journal issues carried Newton’s work that contributed to the development of classical mechanics.
Royal Society: A British learned society founded in 1660 to promote experimental science and natural knowledge. The society established the journal and remains its publisher.
Peer review: Evaluation of scholarly work by experts before publication or acceptance. The journal’s history is tied to the development of editorial scrutiny, though its early practices differed from modern peer review.
Journal of the Royal Society Interface: A Royal Society journal publishing research at the interface of physical and life sciences. It is one of the later journals in the Royal Society’s publishing portfolio.
Comet of 1680: A bright comet observed in 1680 and studied by astronomers across Europe. Reports on the comet appeared in the journal during a period of intense astronomical debate.
Journal des sçavans: A French periodical founded in 1665 that published scholarly news, book reviews, and scientific reports. It began publication in the same year but covered scholarship more broadly.
Scientific priority: Recognition for being first to make a discovery or publish a result. The journal’s dated issues provided public records that could help establish precedence.

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