Knowra Phoenician colonization Phoenician colonization Phoenician colonization was the establishment of settlements and trading posts by Phoenician cities around the Mediterranean and beyond, especially from the ninth century BCE onward.
Phoenician trade : A maritime commercial network that moved goods between Phoenician cities and communities across the Mediterranean. Commercial routes connected the settlements and trading posts to Phoenician cities and one another.
Gadir : An ancient Phoenician settlement at modern Cádiz in southwestern Spain. Gadir anchored Phoenician activity near Atlantic routes and Iberian resources.
Phoenicia : An ancient coastal region in the Levant, home to cities including Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos. These coastal cities were the homeland from which Phoenician settlement expanded.
Greek alphabet : The writing system adapted by Greeks from the Phoenician consonantal script, including signs for vowels. Greek adaptation of Phoenician writing was one lasting result of cross-cultural contact.
Phoenician ships : Seagoing vessels used by Phoenicians for trade, transport, and navigation across the Mediterranean. Ships carried settlers and cargo between homeland ports and new coastal sites.
Motya : An ancient Phoenician settlement on an island off western Sicily. Motya exemplifies a strategically placed settlement in the central Mediterranean.
Tyre : An ancient Phoenician city on the coast of modern Lebanon. Tyre was a leading maritime power associated with western settlement, including Carthage.
Punic civilization : The culture of Carthage and other western Phoenician communities, shaped by local and Phoenician traditions. Western settlements developed into distinct Punic societies rather than remaining simple outposts.
Mediterranean maritime networks : Systems of sea routes, ports, and exchanges linking Mediterranean communities. Colonization expanded within networks that already connected distant shores.
Kition : An ancient city in Cyprus with a substantial Phoenician presence. Kition shows Phoenician settlement on an island linking Levantine and Mediterranean routes.
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