Phoenicians

The Phoenicians were an ancient Semitic-speaking people centered on city-states along the eastern Mediterranean coast. Their maritime trade and settlements spread across the Mediterranean, and their alphabet influenced later writing systems.

Phoenician trade: The exchange of goods conducted by Phoenician merchants across the Mediterranean and beyond. Trade linked the coastal city-states to markets, resources, and communities across the sea.
Tyre: An ancient Phoenician city on the coast of present-day Lebanon. Tyre was a major maritime power and a source of western Phoenician settlements.
Canaanites: Ancient peoples of the Levant who spoke related Northwest Semitic languages and shared cultural traditions. Phoenician culture emerged within the broader Canaanite world of the Levant.
Ancient Greece: The societies of the Greek-speaking world from antiquity, organized in changing communities and states. Greek communities competed with Phoenician traders and adapted their alphabet.
Greek alphabet: The alphabet used to write Greek, adapted from the Phoenician script with symbols for vowels. Greek communities adapted Phoenician letter forms and added vowel notation.
Phoenician colonization: The establishment of Phoenician settlements and trading centers beyond the Levant. These settlements extended Phoenician influence and trade westward.
Sidon: An ancient Phoenician city on the coast of present-day Lebanon. Sidon was one of the leading coastal centers alongside Tyre.
Bronze Age collapse: The widespread disruption of eastern Mediterranean societies around the end of the Late Bronze Age. After this upheaval, Phoenician coastal cities became prominent regional powers.
Etruscans: An ancient people of central Italy whose civilization flourished before Roman dominance. Etruscans were another major participant in western Mediterranean exchange and cultural contact.
Latin alphabet: The writing system used for Latin and the basis of many modern alphabets. Its development passed through Greek and other scripts ultimately influenced by Phoenician writing.

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