Phonemic orthography

A writing system that represents each phoneme consistently with a distinct written symbol or sequence of symbols. Its spellings track pronunciation more closely than etymology or grammatical relationships.

Phoneme: A language-specific sound category that distinguishes words or morphemes. Phonemic orthography assigns written forms to these contrastive sound units.
Phonetic orthography: A writing system that represents pronunciation in detailed phonetic rather than phonemic terms. It can mark sound differences that phonemic spelling treats as variants of one phoneme.
Spelling reform: A deliberate change to a language's conventional spelling system. Reform proposals often seek more consistent correspondence between spelling and pronunciation.
Orthography: The conventional system of writing and spelling used for a language. Phonemic orthography is one way an orthography can organize written forms.
Phoenician alphabet: An ancient consonant-based alphabet used by Phoenician speakers and adapted by neighboring peoples. Its letter-based principle helped shape later alphabets capable of representing speech segments.
Grapheme: A minimal written unit that represents a sound or other linguistic unit. Graphemes are the symbols or symbol sequences used to write phonemes.
Morphophonemic orthography: A writing system that preserves morpheme identity across changes in pronunciation. It may keep spellings stable where phonemic spelling would change them with pronunciation.
Literacy: The ability to read and write using a language's writing system. Predictable phoneme-to-symbol mappings can support early decoding instruction.
Alphabet: A writing system whose letters represent consonants and vowels as distinct units. An alphabet can support phonemic spelling when its letter mappings are consistent.
Greek alphabet: An alphabet developed from Phoenician writing that included distinct letters for vowels. Its representation of both consonants and vowels enabled fuller phonemic spelling.

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