Phosphoric acid

Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) is a triprotic inorganic acid whose three ionizable hydrogen atoms give rise to three successive dissociation steps and several phosphate species.

Phosphate: Phosphate is an ion or compound containing phosphorus bonded to oxygen, including derivatives of phosphoric acid. Successive loss of phosphoric acid’s protons produces phosphate ions.
Phosphate fertilizer: Phosphate fertilizer supplies plants with phosphorus, an essential nutrient for growth and metabolism. Phosphoric acid is a major intermediate in manufacturing phosphate fertilizers.
Phosphate rock: Phosphate rock is a naturally occurring mineral resource rich in phosphate minerals, especially apatite. It is the principal raw material for large-scale wet-process phosphoric acid.
Phosphorous acid: Phosphorous acid (H₃PO₃) is a phosphorus oxyacid with two ionizable protons and a phosphorus–hydrogen bond. Its lower oxidation state and dibasic behavior distinguish it from triprotic phosphoric acid.
Acid dissociation constant: An acid dissociation constant quantifies an acid’s tendency to donate a proton in solution. Each of phosphoric acid’s three ionizations has a distinct dissociation constant.
Wet-process phosphoric acid: Wet-process phosphoric acid is produced by treating phosphate rock with sulfuric acid and separating the resulting gypsum. This industrial route supplies most phosphoric acid used in fertilizer production.
Apatite: Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals with variable calcium, phosphate, and halide or hydroxide composition. Apatite minerals supply the phosphate in most industrial phosphate rock.
Hypophosphorous acid: Hypophosphorous acid (H₃PO₂) is a phosphorus oxyacid with one ionizable proton and two phosphorus–hydrogen bonds. It has fewer ionizable protons and a lower phosphorus oxidation state than phosphoric acid.
Phosphate buffer: A phosphate buffer is a solution that resists pH change through equilibrium between phosphate species. Phosphoric acid’s conjugate-base pairs underpin phosphate buffering near neutral pH.
Food additive: A food additive is a substance deliberately added to food to affect properties such as acidity, preservation, or texture. Food-grade phosphoric acid is used as an acidity regulator and flavoring ingredient.

Linked from 23 pages