Photo manipulation

Photo manipulation is the alteration of a photograph to change its content or appearance, using physical techniques or digital tools.

Image compositing: Image compositing combines visual elements from two or more images into one image. Combining separate photographs can add, remove, or replace elements in a manipulated image.
Oscar Gustave Rejlander: Oscar Gustave Rejlander was a nineteenth-century photographer known for elaborate combination prints. His staged composite photograph The Two Ways of Life demonstrated early manipulation.
Fashion photography: Fashion photography presents clothing, accessories, and style through photographs. Retouching and compositing often shape polished commercial fashion images.
Image enhancement: Image enhancement changes an image to make features clearer or more useful for a particular purpose. Enhancement aims to improve visibility, while manipulation may change depicted content or meaning.
Image retouching: Image retouching modifies or repairs details in an image, often to improve its appearance. Retouching changes local details without necessarily rebuilding the whole photograph.
The Two Ways of Life: The Two Ways of Life is an 1857 combination print by Oscar Gustave Rejlander. Its assembly from numerous negatives made photographic construction visible as an art form.
Advertising photography: Advertising photography creates images intended to promote products, services, or brands. Manipulation can construct idealized scenes and highlight product features.
Image forgery: Image forgery is the deceptive alteration or fabrication of an image presented as authentic evidence. It is a fraudulent use of manipulation rather than a neutral technique.
Photomontage: Photomontage is an image made by combining parts of multiple photographs. It is a recognizable form of manipulation built from photographic fragments.
Spirit photography: Spirit photography is a nineteenth-century genre that claimed photographs could depict ghosts or spirits. Double exposures and composite techniques helped create its apparent supernatural figures.

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