Photocopier

A machine that reproduces documents or images on paper. Most modern photocopiers use electrophotography to transfer toner onto a sheet.

Electrophotography: An imaging process that uses electrostatic charges to form and transfer toner images. It is the core process used by most modern photocopiers.
Chester Carlson: An American physicist and inventor who developed xerography. His experiments produced the copying process that became the basis of modern photocopiers.
Optical scanner: A device that captures an image by measuring light reflected from or transmitted through an object. It converts a document’s visible content into image data in digital copiers.
Multifunction printer: An office device that combines printing, scanning, copying, and often faxing. It incorporates photocopying into a single networked office machine.
Xerox art: Art made using photocopiers as image-making tools. Artists turned a machine designed for duplication into a medium for distortion and experimentation.
Photoconductivity: A material’s electrical conductivity increases when it absorbs light. Light selectively discharges the copier’s photoconductive surface to form an image.
Xerography: A dry copying process that uses electrostatic charges, light, and powdered pigment. It is the underlying technology behind the first commercially successful plain-paper copiers.
Raster image: A digital image represented as a grid of picture elements called pixels. Digital copiers encode scanned pages as raster images before printing.
Color photocopying: The reproduction of documents in color using a photocopier. Color copiers build images from multiple toner colors rather than black toner alone.
Copyright infringement: The unauthorized use of material protected by copyright. Photocopying made inexpensive reproduction of books and documents easy to distribute.

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