Physics

Physics is the natural science of matter, energy, motion, and interactions. It seeks compact mathematical laws that explain phenomena from elementary particles to the universe.

Classical mechanics: The branch of mechanics that describes motion using Newtonian laws and related frameworks. Its laws provide the standard account of everyday motion and forces.
Newton's laws of motion: Three laws relating the motion of bodies to forces and inertial motion. They predict motion when speeds and gravitational fields are modest.
Semiconductor: A material whose electrical conductivity can be controlled by composition, structure, or applied fields. Quantum physics of semiconductors underlies transistors and modern electronic devices.
Aristotelian physics: The ancient Greek account of nature associated with Aristotle, including its theories of motion and elements. Its qualitative explanations shaped natural philosophy before mathematical mechanics displaced them.
Chemistry: The natural science of substances, their composition, properties, and transformations. Its focus on molecular structure and reactions overlaps with atomic and materials physics.
Electromagnetism: The theory of electric and magnetic fields and their interactions with charged matter. It unifies electricity, magnetism, and light within one field theory.
Maxwell's equations: Four equations describing how electric and magnetic fields are generated and evolve. They show how changing fields propagate as electromagnetic waves.
Magnetic resonance imaging: A medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to map signals from atomic nuclei. It applies nuclear magnetic resonance to produce detailed images inside the body.
Galileo Galilei: An Italian astronomer and natural philosopher who advanced mathematical and experimental studies of motion. His work helped establish measurement and experiment as tools for studying motion.
Biology: The natural science of living organisms and the processes that sustain them. Biological systems obey physical laws, while biology studies organization at higher levels.

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