Pietro Badoglio

Pietro Badoglio was an Italian general and politician who became prime minister after King Victor Emmanuel III dismissed Benito Mussolini in July 1943. He led Italy through its armistice with the Allies and the German occupation that followed.

Armistice of Cassibile: The secret agreement by which Italy surrendered to the Allies in September 1943. Badoglio’s government signed it, then delayed its announcement until German forces were positioned to react.
Fall of Fascism in Italy: The 1943 breakdown of Benito Mussolini’s dictatorship and the removal of his government. The regime’s collapse created the opening for Badoglio’s appointment as prime minister.
Dwight D. Eisenhower: The American general who commanded Allied forces in the Mediterranean and announced Italy’s armistice in 1943. He dealt with Badoglio’s government during the secret surrender negotiations.
Italian resistance movement: The partisan and political movement that fought German occupation and Italian Fascism from 1943 to 1945. Its growth challenged the authority of Badoglio’s royal government and helped shape postwar politics.
Operation Achse: Germany’s 1943 military operation to disarm Italian forces and occupy Italian territory after Italy’s surrender. It followed the armistice announcement and overwhelmed the government’s preparations.
Grand Council of Fascism: The Fascist Party’s highest governing body, which voted to withdraw confidence from Mussolini in July 1943. Its vote preceded the king’s dismissal of Mussolini and Badoglio’s appointment.
Harold Macmillan: A British politician who served as minister resident at Allied headquarters in Algiers during the Italian campaign. He was among the Allied officials involved in relations with Badoglio’s government.
Italian Civil War: The 1943–1945 conflict between Italian Fascists allied with Germany and anti-Fascist forces aligned with the Allies. Badoglio’s armistice and the country’s occupation helped split Italy into opposing armed camps.
Italian Co-Belligerent Army: The Italian military forces that fought alongside the Allies after Italy’s 1943 armistice. Badoglio’s government declared war on Germany and organized Italian forces to fight beside the Allies.
Victor Emmanuel III: King of Italy from 1900 to 1946, who dismissed Mussolini and appointed Badoglio in 1943. The king chose Badoglio to lead the government after ending Mussolini’s premiership.

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