Plant structures

Plant structures are the organs and tissues that form a plant, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and the tissues that transport water and nutrients.

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Plant tissue: A group of plant cells organized to perform particular functions. Tissues combine to form organs such as roots, stems, and leaves.
Xylem: Vascular tissue that conducts water and dissolved minerals from roots toward other plant parts. Xylem carries water upward through stems and into leaves.
Plant propagation: The production of new plants from seeds or vegetative material. Stems, roots, and leaves can each serve as starting material for propagation.
Bryophyte: A nonvascular land plant, such as a moss or liverwort, that reproduces by spores. Bryophytes lack the true roots and vascular tissues found in vascular plants.
Root: A plant organ that commonly anchors the plant and absorbs water and minerals from soil. Roots establish contact with the soil and supply resources to the shoot.
Plant cell: A eukaryotic cell with features such as a cellulose wall, chloroplasts, or a large central vacuole. Plant cells make up every tissue in the plant body.
Phloem: Vascular tissue that transports sugars and other organic compounds around a plant. Phloem distributes products made in leaves to growing and storage organs.
Grafting: A horticultural technique that joins tissues of two plants so they grow as one. A graft depends on compatible stem tissues reconnecting across the union.
Vascular plant: A plant with specialized xylem and phloem for internal transport. Its conducting tissues support a body plan distinct from nonvascular plants.
Stem: A plant organ that supports leaves and reproductive structures and connects them to roots. Stems position other organs and provide routes for transport.