Plasmon

A plasmon is a quantum of collective oscillation in a material’s free-electron density. It describes the quantized excitation of an electron-density wave.

Plasma oscillation: A collective oscillation of free charges in a plasma or solid. A plasmon is the quantum description of this underlying electron-density motion.
Free electron model: A model that treats conduction electrons as mobile particles moving through a material. It supplies the mobile charges whose collective oscillations can form plasmons.
Surface plasmon resonance: A resonant response involving collective electron oscillations at a metal–dielectric interface. Its sensitivity to nearby material changes enables optical sensing.
Surface plasmon: A collective electron-density oscillation localized near the interface between a conductor and a dielectric. It is the interface-bound form of plasmon excitation.
David Pines: An American theoretical physicist who helped develop the theory of collective electron excitations in solids. His work with Bohm established a quantum description of electron-density oscillations.
Plasma frequency: The natural frequency of collective charge oscillations in a plasma or electron system. It sets the characteristic energy of a plasmon in a given material.
Electron gas: A system of electrons treated as a many-particle gas, often within a fixed positive background. Plasmon theory often models conduction electrons as an electron gas.
Localized surface plasmon: A confined collective electron oscillation in a small metallic particle or structure. Its strong local fields concentrate light around nanoscale structures.
Bulk plasmon: A quantized collective oscillation of electron density within the interior of a material. It is the volume mode, distinct from interface-confined plasmons.
David Bohm: An American theoretical physicist known for contributions to quantum theory and plasma physics. His early work with Pines introduced the collective mode later called the plasmon.

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