Plastid DNA

Plastid DNA is the genetic material carried inside plastids, including chloroplasts. It typically encodes proteins and RNAs needed for photosynthesis and other plastid functions.

Plastid: A membrane-bound organelle in plants and algae that performs functions such as photosynthesis, storage, or pigment synthesis. Plastids are the organelles that house this DNA.
Chloroplast genome: The DNA genome of a chloroplast, usually a circular molecule containing genes for photosynthesis and gene expression. It is the most extensively characterized form of plastid DNA.
Cyanobacteria: A group of photosynthetic bacteria that produce oxygen using light-driven photosynthesis. Plastids descend from an ancient cyanobacterial lineage.
Chloroplast transformation: Genetic engineering that introduces or alters DNA in chloroplasts. Plastid DNA can be modified to express engineered genes in chloroplasts.
Chloroplast: A photosynthetic plastid containing chlorophyll and internal membrane systems called thylakoids. Chloroplasts are the best-known plastids whose genomes are studied.
Plastid DNA replication: The processes by which plastid DNA molecules are copied and maintained within plastids. Replication produces the DNA copies inherited during plastid growth and division.
Primary endosymbiosis: The incorporation of a cyanobacterium by a eukaryotic ancestor, giving rise to primary plastids. This event established the ancestral plastid genome in eukaryotes.
Plastid genetic engineering: The deliberate modification of plastid genomes to change plastid traits or produce useful molecules. It applies knowledge of plastid DNA to plant biotechnology.
Genome: The complete set of genetic material in an organism, cell, or organelle. A plastid genome is one compartment-specific example of a genome.
Plastid transcription: The synthesis of RNA from genes encoded in plastid DNA. Transcription is the first step in using many plastid genes.

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