Poisson's ratio

Poisson's ratio is the negative ratio of transverse strain to axial strain under uniaxial loading. It measures how a material's dimensions change sideways when stretched or compressed lengthwise.

Young's modulus: Young's modulus is the ratio of axial stress to axial strain in the linear elastic regime. Together with Poisson's ratio, it determines the isotropic elastic response to uniaxial stress.
Strain: Strain is a dimensionless measure of deformation relative to an object's original dimensions. The ratio compares two directional strains rather than changes in length alone.
Tensile testing: Tensile testing measures a material's response as it is pulled along one axis. Simultaneous axial and lateral strain measurements provide a direct experimental estimate.
Compressibility: Compressibility measures fractional volume change in response to pressure. It concerns volumetric response, whereas Poisson's ratio compares transverse and axial strains.
Shear modulus: Shear modulus is the ratio of shear stress to shear strain in the linear elastic regime. It combines with Poisson's ratio to describe an isotropic material's elastic deformation.
Stress (mechanics): Stress is the internal force per unit area transmitted through a material. Uniaxial stress produces the axial and transverse deformation used to measure Poisson's ratio.
Finite element method: The finite element method approximates solutions to engineering equations by dividing a domain into smaller elements. Poisson's ratio enters the constitutive laws used to predict structural deformation.
Lamé parameters: Lamé parameters are two elastic constants used to describe isotropic linear materials. They offer an alternative parameterization that can be converted to Poisson's ratio.
Bulk modulus: Bulk modulus is the ratio of pressure change to fractional volume change under uniform compression. Poisson's ratio helps determine how readily an isotropic solid changes volume under pressure.
Linear elasticity: Linear elasticity describes materials whose strain is proportional to stress within a reversible range. A constant Poisson's ratio is normally defined within this proportional-response regime.

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