Polio vaccine

A vaccine that induces immunity to poliovirus and protects against poliomyelitis. The main forms are injected inactivated vaccine and oral live-attenuated vaccine.

Inactivated poliovirus vaccine: A polio vaccine made from poliovirus rendered unable to reproduce, administered by injection. It induces strong protection against paralysis without causing vaccine-associated poliomyelitis.
Jonas Salk: An American physician and virologist who developed the first widely used inactivated polio vaccine. Salk led the team that tested and introduced the injected vaccine.
Routine childhood immunization: The scheduled vaccination of children to protect them from infectious diseases. Routine polio vaccination protects children before exposure to poliovirus.
Polio vaccine switching: A coordinated change from one polio vaccine formulation to another in immunization programs. Global programs replaced routine use of type 2 oral vaccine with inactivated vaccine and bivalent oral vaccine.
Oral poliovirus vaccine: A polio vaccine containing weakened live poliovirus, administered by mouth. It induces intestinal immunity that helps limit infection and transmission.
Albert Sabin: An American medical researcher who developed the oral live-attenuated polio vaccine. Sabin’s vaccine became an alternative suited to mass campaigns.
Global Polio Eradication Initiative: An international partnership launched in 1988 to eradicate poliovirus transmission. It coordinates vaccination campaigns and surveillance across countries.
Vaccine-derived poliovirus: Poliovirus descended from an oral vaccine strain that has regained the ability to circulate and cause disease. It is a rare population-level consequence of weakened oral vaccine strains circulating where immunity is low.
Poliovirus: An enterovirus that can infect the nervous system and cause poliomyelitis. Both vaccine forms expose the immune system to poliovirus antigens.
Thomas Francis Jr.: An American virologist who directed the 1954 field trial of Salk’s polio vaccine. His trial provided pivotal evidence of the injected vaccine’s effectiveness.

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