Political apathy

Political apathy is a lack of interest in or concern about political affairs, often expressed through disengagement from political discussion and participation.

Voter turnout: The proportion of eligible voters who cast ballots in an election. Declining participation at the polls is one measurable sign of political apathy.
Political efficacy: The belief that one can understand politics and influence political outcomes. Low perceived influence can make participation seem pointless and encourage apathy.
Political cynicism: A belief that political actors are selfish, dishonest, or motivated by private gain. Cynicism is an active negative judgment, unlike simple lack of political concern.
Political inequality: Unequal influence over political decisions among people or social groups. When disengagement is concentrated among some groups, others gain disproportionate influence.
Nonvoting: The choice or failure to abstain from casting a ballot in an election. It is a direct electoral expression often associated with political apathy.
Political alienation: A sense of estrangement from political institutions, processes, or representatives. Alienation can erode concern and produce withdrawal, though it may also prompt protest.
Political skepticism: A questioning attitude toward political claims, institutions, or proposed policies. Skepticism can involve close attention rather than apathetic indifference.
Political representation: The relationship through which elected officials act for constituents in political institutions. Low participation can weaken incentives for officials to respond to disengaged groups.
Political participation: Actions through which people influence or engage with political decisions and institutions. Its active forms make the disengagement described by political apathy visible by contrast.
Rational ignorance: A decision to avoid acquiring information when its expected personal benefit is smaller than its cost. The low individual payoff of political knowledge can contribute to inattentiveness.

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