Polysomnography

Polysomnography is an overnight diagnostic test that records brain activity, breathing, movement, and other physiological signals to assess sleep and sleep disorders.

Electrooculography: A method for recording eye movements by measuring changes in electrical potential around the eyes. Eye movements help distinguish rapid-eye-movement sleep from other stages.
Obstructive sleep apnea: A disorder in which repeated narrowing or closure of the upper airway disrupts breathing during sleep. Polysomnography detects its breathing events, oxygen changes, and sleep disruption.
Sleep architecture: The organization of sleep into stages and cycles across a night. Polysomnography maps this organization from its recorded physiological signals.
Split-night study: A sleep study that uses part of the night for diagnosis and the remainder for positive airway pressure titration. It combines diagnosis and treatment adjustment during one laboratory night.
Nathaniel Kleitman: An American physiologist whose research helped establish modern sleep science and laboratory study of sleep. His laboratory work helped make systematic physiological sleep recording possible.
Electromyography: A method for measuring electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. Muscle recordings track chin tone and limb movements during sleep.
Central sleep apnea: A disorder marked by pauses in breathing because the brain temporarily fails to drive respiratory muscles. Airflow and respiratory-effort signals help distinguish central pauses from airway obstruction.
Non-rapid eye movement sleep: Sleep comprising stages N1, N2, and N3, which differ in depth and characteristic brain activity. Brain-wave patterns separate its stages during sleep scoring.
Attended sleep study: A sleep study conducted with a technologist monitoring the equipment and signals in real time. Technologist supervision supports signal correction and complex testing in the laboratory.
Eugene Aserinsky: A physiologist who, with Nathaniel Kleitman, identified rapid eye movement sleep in humans. Their discovery showed why eye-movement recording belonged alongside brain-wave measurement.

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