Pontius Pilate

Pontius Pilate was the Roman prefect of Judaea from about 26 to 36 CE. The New Testament presents him as the official who authorized Jesus’s crucifixion.

Jesus: A Jewish religious teacher of the first century whose followers proclaimed him the Messiah and Son of God. Pilate’s authorization of Jesus’s crucifixion is the defining episode in his later reputation.
Pilate Stone: A first-century Latin inscription from Caesarea Maritima naming Pontius Pilate as prefect of Judaea. This inscription is the principal archaeological evidence directly naming Pilate and confirming his title.
Trial of Jesus: The proceedings before Jewish and Roman authorities that precede Jesus’s crucifixion in the Gospels. Pilate’s hearing and judgment form the Roman stage of this narrative.
Ecce Homo: A Latin phrase meaning “behold the man,” associated with Pilate presenting Jesus to a crowd in the Gospel of John. The scene portrays Pilate publicly displaying Jesus during their confrontation.
Tiberius: Roman emperor from 14 to 37 CE, during whose reign Pontius Pilate governed Judaea. Pilate held office as Tiberius’s subordinate imperial prefect.
Philo's Embassy to Gaius: A work by Philo of Alexandria describing Jewish grievances and political events under Emperor Caligula. Philo recounts a dispute over Pilate’s installation of gilded shields in Jerusalem.
Crucifixion of Jesus: The execution of Jesus by crucifixion under Roman authority in first-century Judaea. The Gospels identify Pilate as the official who handed Jesus over for crucifixion.
What Is Truth?: A question attributed to Pilate during his interrogation of Jesus in the Gospel of John. The exchange has made Pilate a recurring figure in debates about truth and power.
Herod Antipas: A ruler of Galilee and Perea under Roman authority from 4 BCE to 39 CE. The Gospel of Luke places Antipas in the proceedings against Jesus, alongside Pilate.
Antiquities of the Jews: A history of the Jewish people written in Greek by Josephus around 93–94 CE. Josephus’s narrative includes Pilate’s governorship and the execution of Jesus.

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