Pope Paul VI

Pope Paul VI, born Giovanni Battista Montini, led the Catholic Church from 1963 to 1978. He brought the Second Vatican Council to a close and oversaw its reforms.

Second Vatican Council: An ecumenical council of the Catholic Church held from 1962 to 1965 that revised church practice and addressed relations with the modern world. Paul VI reconvened the council in 1963 and guided it to completion in 1965.
Paul VI Mass: The form of the Roman Rite promulgated after the Second Vatican Council and commonly celebrated in the vernacular. Paul VI authorized the revised Roman Missal that made the council’s liturgical changes concrete.
Giovanni Battista Montini: The birth name of Pope Paul VI, who served as archbishop of Milan before his election as pope. His experience as Montini in the Vatican Secretariat of State and in Milan preceded his papacy.
Aloysius Lorscheider: A Brazilian Franciscan cardinal who served as archbishop of Fortaleza and later Aparecida. As a prominent Latin American church leader, he represented concerns that gained influence during Paul VI’s pontificate.
Casti Connubii: A 1930 encyclical by Pope Pius XI on Christian marriage that condemned contraception. Paul VI’s teaching on contraception continued a prohibition already stated in this earlier encyclical.
Sacrosanctum Concilium: The Second Vatican Council’s constitution on the liturgy, promulgated in 1963. Paul VI promulgated this constitution, which set the council’s liturgical reforms in motion.
College of Bishops: The body comprising the world’s Catholic bishops in communion with the pope. Paul VI’s council teaching emphasized bishops’ shared responsibility while preserving papal primacy.
Pope John XXIII: The pope who convened the Second Vatican Council and led the Catholic Church from 1958 to 1963. Paul VI inherited the council and the reform agenda begun by his predecessor.
John Courtney Murray: An American Jesuit theologian whose work on religious liberty influenced Catholic debate before and during Vatican II. His ideas helped shape the council’s declaration on religious freedom, promulgated by Paul VI.
Birth control: Methods used to prevent pregnancy, including contraception and fertility-awareness practices. Humanae Vitae rejected artificial contraception while allowing natural methods of regulating births.

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