Popular Front (Spain)

The Popular Front was a left-wing electoral coalition that won Spain’s February 1936 general election. Its victory preceded a military revolt and the Spanish Civil War.

Asturias Revolution of 1934: A workers’ uprising in Asturias in October 1934, suppressed by Spanish forces under the Republic. Its repression deepened left-wing calls for unity and amnesty before the 1936 election.
Spanish general election of 1936: Spain’s February 1936 parliamentary election, in which left-wing coalitions won a narrow popular-vote lead and a large seat majority. This was the election the coalition contested and won.
Manuel Azaña: A Spanish republican politician who served as prime minister and president during the Second Republic. Azaña became president after the coalition victory and embodied its republican wing.
Spanish coup of July 1936: A military uprising against Spain’s republican government that began on 17 July 1936 in Spanish Morocco. The coup followed the coalition’s return to power and failed to seize control of all Spain.
CEDA: The Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right, a Catholic conservative political alliance founded in 1933. CEDA’s influence in government helped spur left-wing parties to form an electoral alliance.
Electoral coalition: An arrangement in which political parties coordinate candidates or campaigns to compete in an election. The Popular Front united parties for electoral advantage without merging them into one organization.
Santiago Casares Quiroga: A Spanish republican politician who served as prime minister from May to July 1936. He led the government formed after the coalition’s victory.
Spanish Civil War: A war fought in Spain from 1936 to 1939 between the Republic and Nationalist forces. The coalition’s government became the target of the military revolt that began the war.
Second Spanish Republic: Spain’s republican regime from 1931 to 1939, established after the monarchy fell. The coalition formed and governed within the Republic’s increasingly polarized political system.
1936 Popular Front program: The coalition’s election platform, centered on restoring republican reforms and granting amnesty to prisoners from the 1934 revolt. Its limited shared program made agreement possible across parties with different aims.

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