Pore water

Pore water is water occupying voids between sediment grains or within pores in rock. Its pressure, chemistry, and movement influence sediment behavior and subsurface processes.

Pore pressure: The pressure exerted by fluid occupying the pores of a soil or rock. Pore-water pressure changes effective stress and can trigger sediment instability.
Porosity: The fraction of a material's total volume occupied by voids. It measures the space available to hold pore water.
Groundwater: Water stored beneath Earth's surface in soil and permeable rock formations. Groundwater occupies connected pores and fractures, forming a subsurface water resource.
Marine sediment: Particles deposited on the seafloor, together with water and organisms within the sediment. Marine sediment traps pore water whose composition changes during burial and reaction.
Darcy's law: An equation relating fluid flow through a porous medium to its hydraulic gradient and permeability. It describes how hydraulic gradients drive pore water through saturated material.
Permeability: The ability of a porous material to transmit fluids through connected pore spaces. Connected pores determine whether pore water can move through sediment or rock.
Piezometer: An instrument that measures fluid pressure or hydraulic head at a point below ground. Piezometers track pore-water pressure in dams, slopes, and foundations.
Mud volcano: A landform that expels water-rich sediment and gases through vents under subsurface pressure. Overpressured pore water can help drive mud and gas toward the surface.
Hydraulic conductivity: A measure of how readily a saturated porous material transmits fluid under a hydraulic gradient. It controls the rate at which pore water drains or flows.
Saturation (porous media): The fraction of a porous material's void space filled by a particular fluid. Saturation distinguishes water-filled pores from partly air-filled ones.

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