Portland cement

Portland cement is a hydraulic binder made by grinding clinker, mainly calcium silicates, with gypsum. It hardens when its compounds react with water.

Cement hydration: The reactions between cement compounds and water that form solid products and cause cement paste to set and harden. It is the chemical process that turns Portland cement paste into a solid.
Portland cement clinker: The hard nodules produced by firing a mixture of limestone and other raw materials; they are ground to make Portland cement. Clinker supplies the reactive mineral phases that define Portland cement.
Concrete: A composite construction material made by binding aggregates with a cement paste. Portland cement is the most widely used binder in ordinary concrete.
Joseph Aspdin: An English bricklayer who patented an artificial cement called Portland cement in 1824. His patent gave the material its name and an early manufacturing description.
Cement industry: The global industrial sector that manufactures cement from mineral raw materials and fuel. Portland cement dominates the industry’s output and shapes its production systems.
Calcium silicate hydrate: A poorly crystalline product of cement hydration that provides most of hardened cement paste’s strength. It is the principal binding product formed when Portland cement silicates hydrate.
Limestone: A sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate, commonly used as a source of lime in cement manufacture. Its calcium carbonate supplies much of the calcium in clinker.
Mortar: A workable mixture of binder, water, and fine aggregate used to join masonry units or coat surfaces. Portland cement is a common binder in masonry and rendering mortars.
William Aspdin: A British cement manufacturer associated with developing higher-temperature production of Portland cement clinker. His work helped move production toward the strongly burned clinker used in modern cement.
Carbon dioxide emissions: The release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere from natural processes and human activities. Cement production emits carbon dioxide from both limestone calcination and kiln fuel.

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