Portuguese First Republic

Portugal’s republican regime from 1910 to 1926, established after the monarchy’s overthrow and ended by a military coup that began a dictatorship.

5 October 1910 Revolution: The uprising that overthrew Portugal’s monarchy and established a republic in October 1910. This revolution created the regime and began its struggle to consolidate republican rule.
Portuguese Republican Party: The political party that led Portugal’s republican movement and dominated the early years of the First Republic. Its organizing and electoral strength gave the new regime its principal political base.
Teófilo Braga: A Portuguese writer and politician who became the provisional government’s first president after the 1910 revolution. He symbolized the republic’s transition from revolutionary committee to national government.
Laicization: The process of reducing religious institutions’ authority and separating them from state governance. Republican laws sharply curtailed the Catholic Church’s institutional role in Portugal.
Kingdom of Portugal: The Portuguese monarchy that existed until its abolition in 1910. The First Republic replaced this kingdom after the revolution of 5 October 1910.
Constitution of Portugal of 1911: The constitution that established Portugal’s parliamentary republic in 1911. It defined the republic’s institutions and sharply limited presidential power.
Portuguese Regicide: The 1908 assassination of King Carlos I and Crown Prince Luís Filipe in Lisbon. The killings weakened the monarchy shortly before its overthrow.
Afonso Costa: A Portuguese republican politician who served several times as prime minister during the First Republic. His governments drove major reforms and became focal points of fierce political opposition.
Portuguese Colonial War: A series of armed conflicts from 1961 to 1974 against Portuguese rule in African colonies. These wars unfolded under the dictatorship that succeeded the republic, not under the First Republic itself.
Portuguese monarchy: The institution of monarchical rule in Portugal, which ended with the 1910 revolution. The republic rejected hereditary sovereignty in favor of elected political institutions.

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