Portuguese Macau

Portuguese Macau was the period in which Portugal administered Macau, from the establishment of a Portuguese settlement in the sixteenth century until its transfer to China in 1999.

Portuguese Empire: A global empire built by Portugal through maritime exploration, trade, settlement, and conquest from the fifteenth century onward. Macau became Portugal’s longest-lived overseas possession in Asia.
Macau Government: The governing institutions that administered Macau under Portuguese rule. Its authority expanded over time while remaining constrained by relations with China.
Macau Incident (1849): An armed conflict in 1849 between Portuguese forces and Chinese forces near Macau. It followed Portugal’s unilateral assertion of control and exposed the risks of that policy.
Macau Basic Law: The constitutional document governing the Macao Special Administrative Region of China. It preserved a separate legal and administrative system after Portuguese rule ended.
Ming dynasty: A Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled from 1368 to 1644. Ming authorities permitted Portuguese traders to settle at Macau in the sixteenth century.
Chinese sovereignty over Macau: China’s claim to sovereignty over Macau during Portuguese administration. Portuguese control and Chinese sovereignty coexisted in changing legal and political arrangements.
Sino-Portuguese Treaty of 1887: The agreement under which China recognized Portugal’s perpetual occupation and government of Macau, subject to conditions. It formalized Portuguese administration while preserving a negotiated relationship with China.
Macao Special Administrative Region: A special administrative region of China established in 1999 under the principle of one country, two systems. It is the post-handover political framework for the territory once administered by Portugal.
Portuguese Malacca: A Portuguese colonial possession in the Malay Peninsula, captured in 1511 and lost to the Dutch in 1641. It linked Macau to Portugal’s earlier network of Asian trading ports.
Treaty of Peking (1887): A treaty between Portugal and China that formalized Portuguese occupation and administration of Macau. It gave the colonial arrangement a clearer treaty basis.

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