Positional notation

A number-writing system in which a digit’s value depends on its position, usually as a multiple of a power of the base. The same digits can represent different values in different positions.

Base: The number of distinct digit symbols used in a positional numeral system, including zero. The base determines the powers that assign value to each position.
Numeral system: A set of symbols and rules for representing numbers in written form. Positional notation is one way to organize a numeral system.
Babylonian numerals: The cuneiform numeral system of ancient Babylonia, which used a sexagesimal place-value structure. Its base-60 place value is an early positional system.
Roman numerals: A numeral system using Latin letters and additive or subtractive rules, without a general place-value structure. Its symbols largely retain their values regardless of position.
Place value: The value assigned to a digit’s position in a numeral, determined by the system’s base and that position. Each digit contributes its face value multiplied by its place value.
Natural number: A counting number, with conventions differing on whether zero is included. Positional numerals commonly begin by representing counting numbers.
Maya numerals: The numeral system used by the Maya, combining vigesimal place value with a zero symbol. It offers an independent example of positional notation with zero.
Unary numeral system: A numeral system that represents a number by repeating one symbol once for each unit. It encodes quantity by repetition rather than digit positions.
Radix point: A symbol separating the integer and fractional parts of a positional numeral. Positions to its right represent negative powers of the base.
Integer: A whole number that may be positive, negative, or zero. Signed positional numerals extend place-value representations to negative values.

Linked from 35 pages