Potassium persulfate
Potassium persulfate is the inorganic salt K₂S₂O₈, a strong oxidizing agent that also serves as a source of sulfate radicals in polymerization.
Sulfate radical: The reactive radical anion SO₄•−, formed when a persulfate O–O bond cleaves. Thermal or chemical activation of potassium persulfate generates this species, which starts many reactions.
Emulsion polymerization: A polymerization process in which monomers react in water with surfactants and initiators. Potassium persulfate initiates polymer chains in aqueous latex production.
Potassium ion: The positively charged ion K⁺ formed when a potassium atom loses one electron. Two potassium ions balance the charge of each persulfate ion in the salt.
Ammonium persulfate: The persulfate salt (NH₄)₂S₂O₈, used as an oxidant and radical initiator. It supplies the same persulfate ion but differs in its counterion and practical formulation.
Chemical safety: Practices and controls that reduce harm from handling, storing, and using chemicals. Potassium persulfate requires controls for oxidizer hazards, dust exposure, and skin sensitization.
Persulfate: The S₂O₈²− ion, containing a peroxide bond between two sulfate groups. Potassium persulfate is one salt of this oxidizing ion.
Polyacrylamide: A water-soluble polymer made by polymerizing acrylamide. Persulfate commonly initiates acrylamide polymerization, including laboratory gel preparation.
Sulfate ion: The tetrahedral polyatomic ion SO₄²−, containing one sulfur atom and four oxygen atoms. Persulfate resembles two linked sulfate units but includes an oxygen–oxygen bond.
Sodium persulfate: The persulfate salt Na₂S₂O₈, used as a strong oxidant and radical source. It offers the same active ion with sodium rather than potassium ions.
Oxidizer: A substance that can promote oxidation, often by supplying oxygen or accepting electrons. Its oxidizing classification governs storage compatibility and fire precautions.