Knowra Pre-industrial society Pre-industrial society A society whose economy relies mainly on agriculture and craft production rather than mechanized industry, typically using limited energy sources and technologies.
Subsistence agriculture : Farming primarily to provide food for the farmer’s household, with little surplus for sale. Most households depended directly on crops and livestock for survival.
Agrarian society : A society in which agriculture is the dominant source of livelihood and economic output. It is the broader social form that encompasses many pre-industrial economies.
Feudalism : A decentralized political and social order based on landholding, personal obligations, and layered authority. It shaped land tenure and social duties in parts of medieval Europe.
Industrial society : A society in which mechanized production and industry form major parts of the economy. Its factory production and energy use distinguish it from primarily agrarian economies.
Manorialism : A medieval European system organizing land, labor, and obligations around a lord’s estate. It shows one regional arrangement of agricultural production and social dependence.
Agricultural surplus : Food produced beyond the immediate needs of the people who grow it. Surplus could support specialists, towns, rulers, and trade.
Tokugawa Japan : Japan under the Tokugawa shogunate, from 1603 to 1868, with rule centered on the shogun. It illustrates an agrarian society with large cities, commercial growth, and restricted foreign contact.
Industrial Revolution : The transition to mechanized production that began in Britain in the eighteenth century and spread elsewhere. It marks the historical shift away from predominantly pre-industrial production.
Cottage industry : Small-scale production, often in homes, using hand tools and family or hired labor. Craft production could supply markets without factories or mechanized machinery.
Corvée labor : Unpaid labor owed to a ruler or landholder, often for public works or estate duties. States and landlords could mobilize labor without wage-based employment.
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