Pre-Pottery Neolithic A

Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) was an early Neolithic period in the Levant, roughly 10,000–8,800 BCE, when communities built settled villages and cultivated plants without making pottery.

Pre-Pottery Neolithic: The Neolithic period in parts of Southwest Asia before pottery became common, divided into PPNA and PPNB. PPNA is the earlier phase of this pottery-free Neolithic sequence.
Jericho: An ancient settlement near the Jordan River, occupied from the Epipalaeolithic onward. Its PPNA layers include substantial architecture and communal works.
Roundhouse: A building with a circular ground plan, common in many early Neolithic settlements. Circular houses were characteristic of PPNA domestic architecture.
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B: A later Levantine Neolithic period marked by changing architecture, expanding farming, and distinctive material culture. PPNB follows PPNA and differs in settlement patterns, house forms, and agricultural development.
Pre-domestication cultivation: The deliberate sowing or tending of plants before they show the full biological traits of domesticated crops. It captures the disputed boundary between gathering and farming in PPNA economies.
Neolithic Revolution: The long transition in which human communities increasingly adopted farming and settled ways of life. PPNA communities participated in this transition through cultivation and village life.
Göbekli Tepe: A prehistoric site in southeastern Anatolia known for monumental stone enclosures and carved pillars. Its early monumental enclosures illuminate social and ritual life near the PPNA world.
Flint tool: A tool made by shaping flint through controlled fracture. Flint blades and other chipped tools supported food processing and daily work.
Natufian culture: A late Epipalaeolithic culture of the Levant associated with hunter-gatherers and early sedentary settlements. Natufian communities preceded PPNA and already practiced varying degrees of settlement and plant use.
Agricultural origins: The processes and conditions through which human societies began cultivating plants and domesticating animals. PPNA evidence informs debates over why and where cultivation became a lasting way of life.

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