Knowra Pressure vessel Pressure vessel A closed container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the surrounding pressure. Its strength and safety depend on resisting pressure-driven stress.
Hoop stress : Circumferential stress in a pressurized cylindrical or spherical shell, acting around its perimeter. Internal pressure pulls the vessel wall outward, making circumferential stress a central design load.
Yield strength : The stress at which a material begins permanent plastic deformation. Design limits often keep vessel stresses below yield under specified operating conditions.
Boiler : A closed vessel or system that heats fluid, commonly producing steam for power or industrial use. Boilers use pressure vessels to contain heated water and steam under operating pressure.
Atmospheric storage tank : A tank designed to store liquid or gas near atmospheric pressure. Unlike a pressure vessel, it is not intended to sustain a substantial pressure difference.
Pressure vessel explosion : A violent release of stored pressure energy caused by rupture or rapid failure of a pressurized container. A rupture can convert compressed-fluid energy into blast effects and dangerous fragments.
Thin-walled pressure vessel : A vessel whose wall is thin compared with its radius, allowing simplified membrane-stress analysis. This approximation gives the familiar pressure-to-stress relations for many tanks and pipes.
Tensile strength : The maximum tensile stress a material withstands before failure in a tensile test. It helps characterize the upper strength limit, though safe vessel design also considers defects and fatigue.
Compressed gas cylinder : A portable, refillable container designed to store gas at high pressure. Its thick, compact shell stores gases for medical, industrial, and recreational use.
Vacuum vessel : A sealed enclosure designed to maintain pressure below the surrounding atmosphere. Its walls primarily resist external pressure, which can cause shell buckling.
Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion : A sudden physical explosion when a pressurized liquid vessel fails and its contents rapidly vaporize. A heated liquid can flash into vapor after vessel rupture, greatly expanding the released material.
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