Primary cell

A primary cell is an electrochemical cell designed to supply electricity until its reactants are depleted. Its chemical reaction is not practically reversible by charging.

Electrochemical cell: A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy through reactions at electrodes. Primary cells are a class of electrochemical cells that produce current through chemical reactions.
Alkaline battery: A primary battery that uses zinc and manganese dioxide with an alkaline electrolyte. Its low cost and broad availability make it a common general-purpose primary battery.
Secondary cell: An electrochemical cell designed to be recharged by driving its reactions in reverse. Unlike a primary cell, it can be restored for repeated use by charging.
Battery waste: Discarded batteries and the materials requiring management after their useful life. Using primary cells once creates a continuing stream of spent batteries.
Oxidation–reduction reaction: A chemical reaction in which electrons move between substances as oxidation states change. Electron transfer at the cell’s electrodes generates its electrical current.
Zinc–carbon battery: A primary battery using zinc and manganese dioxide with an ammonium chloride or zinc chloride electrolyte. It is a low-cost design suited to devices with modest power demands.
Rechargeable battery: A battery that can be charged and discharged repeatedly under specified conditions. Rechargeable batteries trade some design advantages for repeated energy use.
Life-cycle assessment: A method for estimating environmental impacts across a product’s life cycle. It compares primary and rechargeable cells beyond their purchase price or use phase.
Anode: The electrode where oxidation occurs in an electrochemical cell. The anode supplies electrons as its active material is consumed.
Lithium primary battery: A non-rechargeable battery that uses lithium metal as its anode. Lithium primary chemistries provide high energy density and long storage life.

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