Principality of Serbia

The Principality of Serbia was an autonomous Serbian polity established during the Serbian Revolution and recognized as an independent state in 1878. It became the Kingdom of Serbia in 1882.

First Serbian Uprising: An uprising against Ottoman rule in Serbia from 1804 to 1813, led initially by Karađorđe Petrović. It began the revolution that established the foundations of Serbian autonomy.
Ottoman Serbia: The territories of Serbia governed within the Ottoman Empire before internationally recognized Serbian independence. The principality emerged from Ottoman provinces and initially remained under Ottoman sovereignty.
Alexander Karađorđević: Prince of Serbia from 1842 to 1858 and son of revolutionary leader Karađorđe Petrović. His reign brought the Karađorđević dynasty to power before its removal in 1858.
Treaty of Berlin (1878): The treaty concluding the Congress of Berlin and recognizing Serbia as an independent state. It gave legal form to the independence recognized at the congress.
Second Serbian Uprising: A Serbian revolt against Ottoman rule in 1815, led by Miloš Obrenović. Its success secured the renewed self-government from which the principality developed.
Hatt-i Sharif of 1830: An Ottoman decree recognizing Serbian autonomy and hereditary rule by Miloš Obrenović. It formalized the principality’s internal self-government.
Mihailo Obrenović: Prince of Serbia during 1839–1842 and 1860–1868, associated with reforms and the withdrawal of Ottoman garrisons. His second reign advanced Serbian control over its territory and institutions.
Kingdom of Serbia: The Serbian state established as a kingdom in 1882, succeeding the Principality of Serbia. The change of title marked the next stage after independence.
Serbian Revolution: The uprisings and political transformation that created modern Serbian autonomy between 1804 and 1835. This broader upheaval explains the principality’s emergence.
Hatt-i Sharif of 1833: An Ottoman decree that extended Serbia’s territory and confirmed provisions of its autonomy. It added districts and strengthened the settlement established in 1830.

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