Proboscidea

Proboscidea is the mammalian order containing living elephants and extinct relatives such as mammoths and mastodons. Its members are distinguished by a long muscular trunk and, in many species, tusks.

Eritherium: An early proboscidean from Morocco, dating to about 60 million years ago. It is among the earliest known members of the order.
Trunk (anatomy): An elongated, muscular nose and upper lip found in elephants and some extinct proboscideans. The trunk is the order’s defining feeding and sensory structure.
African bush elephant: The largest living land mammal, native to diverse habitats across sub-Saharan Africa. It is the largest living representative of Proboscidea.
Sirenia: An order of aquatic herbivorous mammals that includes manatees and dugongs. Sirenians share deep ancestry with proboscideans but adapted to aquatic life.
Moeritherium: An early proboscidean from the Eocene of North Africa, with a compact body and short snout. Its anatomy shows how unlike modern elephants early proboscideans could be.
Tusk: An elongated tooth that projects beyond an animal’s mouth and continues growing in some species. Proboscidean tusks evolved from incisors and took varied forms.
Asian elephant: An elephant species native to South and Southeast Asia, with smaller ears than African elephants. It represents the order’s other living genus-level lineage.
Hyracoidea: A mammalian order containing hyraxes, small herbivores native to Africa and the Middle East. Hyraxes are close afrotherian relatives, not miniature elephants.
Elephantidae: The proboscidean family that includes modern elephants and extinct mammoths. This family is the surviving branch of a once much broader order.
Molar (tooth): A tooth specialized for grinding food, located toward the back of the jaw. Proboscidean molars reveal changes in diet and adaptation to grazing.

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