Progestogen

A natural or synthetic substance that produces progesterone-like effects, chiefly by activating progesterone receptors. Progestogens include progesterone and synthetic compounds called progestins.

Progesterone receptor: A nuclear receptor that binds progesterone and regulates gene expression in responsive cells. Most progestogens produce effects by binding and activating this receptor.
Progestin-only contraception: Birth control methods that use a progestin without an estrogen component. These methods use progestogenic effects to prevent pregnancy without combined hormonal contraception.
Estrogen: A class of steroid hormones that regulates reproductive development and reproductive tissues. Estrogen often acts alongside progestogens but has distinct receptors and effects.
Progestin: A synthetic compound with progesterone-like activity, commonly used in hormonal medicines. Progestins are the synthetic members of the broader progestogen group.
Progesterone: A steroid hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy and supports its maintenance. It is the principal natural progestogen and the reference for progestogenic effects.
Combined oral contraceptive pill: An oral contraceptive containing an estrogen and a progestin. Its progestin component suppresses ovulation and helps prevent pregnancy.
Antiprogestogen: A substance that blocks or opposes progesterone-receptor activity. It counteracts rather than produces the defining effects of a progestogen.
Pregnane: A 21-carbon steroid skeleton found in progesterone and related compounds. Many progestogens are built from or structurally related to this steroid framework.
Steroid hormone: A hormone derived from cholesterol that can pass through cell membranes and bind intracellular receptors. Most progestogens share this chemical class and intracellular mode of action.
Hormone replacement therapy: Treatment that supplies hormones to relieve symptoms caused by reduced endogenous hormone production. Progestogens are paired with estrogen for many patients with an intact uterus to protect the endometrium.

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