Prokaryotic cell

A cell that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells make up the domains Bacteria and Archaea.

Nucleoid: The region of a prokaryotic cell that contains its chromosome without being enclosed by a membrane. It holds the genome in the space that a nucleus would occupy in a eukaryotic cell.
Binary fission: A form of cell division in which one cell duplicates its contents and splits into two daughter cells. It is the common reproductive process by which prokaryotic cells divide.
Eukaryotic cell: A cell whose DNA is enclosed in a nucleus and that contains membrane-bound organelles. Its nucleus and internal compartments distinguish it from a prokaryotic cell.
Escherichia coli: A bacterial species commonly found in the intestines of humans and other animals, with both harmless and pathogenic strains. Its genetics and rapid growth make it a widely used prokaryotic research organism.
Plasmid: A DNA molecule that replicates separately from a cell’s main chromosome. It can carry extra genes alongside the chromosome, including genes for antibiotic resistance.
Bacterial chromosome replication: The copying of a bacterial chromosome before cell division. Replication begins at a defined origin and proceeds as the cell prepares to divide.
Bacteria: One of the two domains of prokaryotic life, comprising organisms with bacterial cell features such as peptidoglycan walls. Bacteria are one of the two major groups whose cells are prokaryotic.
Bacterial transformation: The uptake of free DNA from the environment by a bacterial cell. Laboratory transformation uses bacterial cells to copy or express introduced DNA.
Ribosome: A molecular complex that translates messenger RNA into proteins. Prokaryotic ribosomes make proteins in the cytoplasm without membrane-bound compartments.
Transcription–translation coupling: The concurrent production of RNA and protein from a gene in some cells. Without a nuclear envelope, bacterial ribosomes can translate an RNA while it is still being transcribed.

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