Prolapse

Prolapse is the abnormal descent or displacement of an organ or body part from its usual position, sometimes through an opening or into another structure.

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Pelvic floor: A group of muscles and connective tissues that supports the pelvic organs and helps control urination and defecation. Weakness or injury in this support system can allow pelvic organs to descend.
Intra-abdominal pressure: The pressure within the abdominal cavity, produced by organs, muscles, and changes in breathing or straining. Repeated increases can push downward against pelvic support structures.
Pelvic examination: A clinical examination of the female reproductive organs and surrounding pelvic structures. Examination can reveal the location and extent of pelvic organ descent.
Uterine prolapse: Descent of the uterus into or through the vagina. It is a specific pelvic organ prolapse involving the uterus.
Pelvic floor muscle training: Exercises that repeatedly contract and relax pelvic floor muscles to improve their strength and control. Its preventive value and effects on different prolapse symptoms remain clinically relevant questions.
Ligament: A band of connective tissue that connects bones or supports organs and other structures. Ligaments help hold organs in position, and their failure can contribute to displacement.
Levator ani: A group of pelvic floor muscles that supports pelvic organs and helps close the pelvic outlet. Damage or weakness in these muscles can reduce pelvic support.
Pessary: A device placed in the vagina to support pelvic organs or deliver medication. A support pessary can relieve symptoms without surgery.
Cystocele: Bulging of the bladder into the front wall of the vagina. It is the common anterior vaginal wall form of pelvic organ prolapse.
Surgical mesh: A synthetic or biological material implanted to reinforce tissue during surgery. Benefits and complications of mesh in prolapse repair remain debated and depend on procedure.