Prometheism

Prometheism was a Polish political strategy, pursued mainly between the world wars, to support independence movements among peoples ruled by Russia or the Soviet Union.

Promethean League: An interwar organization that coordinated representatives of non-Russian peoples seeking independence from Soviet rule. It gave Prometheism an organizational framework for cooperation among exile movements.
Partitions of Poland: The late-eighteenth-century divisions that ended the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and placed its territories under neighboring empires. Partition fostered Polish political traditions of resistance to imperial rule.
Tadeusz Hołówko: A Polish politician and journalist associated with federalist policy and support for cooperation with non-Polish national movements. He was a prominent advocate of using Polish policy to build alliances with neighboring peoples.
Ukrainian-Soviet War: A series of conflicts from 1917 to 1921 between Ukrainian forces and Soviet Russia over control of Ukraine. The struggle produced Ukrainian exiles and allies central to Polish Promethean efforts.
Polish-Ukrainian alliance of 1920: The wartime agreement between Poland and Symon Petliura's Ukrainian People's Republic against Soviet Russia. It was the clearest practical alliance aligned with Promethean aims.
Eastern Institute in Warsaw: A Polish research and educational institution founded in Warsaw in 1926 to study Eastern Europe and Asia. Its scholarship and contacts helped cultivate expertise relevant to Polish eastern policy.
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: A federated state that existed from 1569 until the partitions of Poland in the late eighteenth century. Its multiethnic political legacy informed Polish visions of a less centralized eastern Europe.
Włodzimierz Bączkowski: A Polish journalist and political thinker who wrote about Eastern Europe and Promethean strategy. His writings articulated the case for weakening Soviet power through national independence movements.
Ukrainian Military Organization: A clandestine Ukrainian nationalist organization founded in 1920 to pursue independence from Poland and other powers. Its existence exposed the tension between Polish alliance-building and Ukrainian opposition to Polish rule.
Polish-Ukrainian War: The 1918–1919 conflict between Polish and Ukrainian forces over territories including Eastern Galicia. The earlier conflict showed how Polish and Ukrainian national goals could collide despite later cooperation.

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