Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor arising in the prostate gland, most often from glandular cells. Its behavior ranges from slow-growing disease confined to the prostate to cancer that spreads to distant organs.

Prostate: The prostate is a gland below the bladder that contributes fluid to semen. Most prostate cancers begin in this gland’s secretory epithelium.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is noncancerous enlargement of the prostate, common with aging. It can raise PSA and obstruct urination without being cancer.
Donald Gleason: Donald Gleason was an American pathologist who developed the prostate cancer grading system bearing his name. His pattern-based grading remains central to estimating tumor aggressiveness.
Overdiagnosis: Overdiagnosis is the detection of a disease that would never have caused symptoms or death during a person’s lifetime. PSA screening can find indolent prostate tumors that would not otherwise matter clinically.
Androgen receptor: The androgen receptor is a protein that responds to testosterone and related hormones by regulating gene activity. Many prostate tumors rely on its signaling to grow.
Prostatitis: Prostatitis is inflammation or infection of the prostate, sometimes causing pelvic pain and urinary symptoms. Inflammation can mimic cancer symptoms and temporarily elevate PSA.
Charles B. Huggins: Charles B. Huggins was a physician-scientist whose work established hormonal treatment for prostate cancer. His findings showed that reducing androgen signaling could regress advanced tumors.
Prostate cancer risk stratification: Prostate cancer risk stratification groups tumors by features associated with progression and recurrence. Current markers cannot perfectly identify which localized cancers will become dangerous.
Prostate adenocarcinoma: Prostate adenocarcinoma is a cancer formed from the glandular cells lining prostate ducts and glands. It accounts for the great majority of prostate cancers.
Prostate cancer staging: Prostate cancer staging describes how far the cancer has grown or spread. Stage distinguishes localized tumors from disease that has invaded or metastasized.

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