Proton transfer

Proton transfer is the movement of a hydrogen nucleus from one atom, molecule, or ion to another. It changes the protonation states and often the charges of the species involved.

Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory: A theory in which acids donate protons and bases accept them. Proton transfer is the defining event in a Brønsted–Lowry acid–base reaction.
Proton: A positively charged subatomic particle found in atomic nuclei; in chemistry, the term often denotes a hydrogen nucleus. In ordinary chemical transfer, the moving particle is a hydrogen nucleus rather than a neutral hydrogen atom.
General acid–base catalysis: Reaction-rate enhancement by acids or bases that donate or accept protons during a reaction. Catalysts accelerate reactions by transferring protons at strategically timed steps.
Grotthuss mechanism: Proton conduction through a hydrogen-bonded network by successive bond rearrangements. Water can transport excess protons through relay-like transfers without one proton traveling the full distance.
Electron transfer: The movement of one or more electrons between atoms, molecules, or ions. Unlike proton transfer, it moves electronic charge without moving a hydrogen nucleus.
Proton donor: A chemical species that gives a proton to another species. Its bond to hydrogen supplies the proton that moves.
Conjugate acid–base pair: Two species related by the gain or loss of one proton. Each transfer converts a donor and acceptor into their conjugate partners.
Enzyme catalysis: The acceleration of chemical reactions by biological catalysts called enzymes. Many enzymes use nearby amino-acid residues to shuttle protons between reactants.
Proton wire: A chain of hydrogen-bonded groups that enables proton transfer across a molecule or membrane protein. This structural pathway relays protons through proteins over distances larger than one bond.
Hydrogen atom transfer: The transfer of a hydrogen atom, comprising one proton and one electron, between species. It moves a neutral hydrogen atom rather than a proton alone.

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