Proxy voting

Proxy voting is the casting of shareholder votes by an authorized representative, either under the shareholder’s instructions or with delegated discretion.

Proxy statement: A document public companies provide shareholders describing matters submitted for a vote and other required information. It explains ballot proposals and voting procedures before shareholders appoint or instruct a proxy.
Shareholder: A person or entity that owns shares in a company. Shareholders hold the voting rights that may be exercised through a proxy.
Board of directors: A group elected or appointed to oversee a company's management and represent shareholder interests. Shareholders commonly use proxies to vote on director elections.
In-person voting: The casting of a vote by an eligible person physically attending a meeting. It exercises shareholder voting rights directly rather than through an appointed representative.
Proxy card: A form shareholders use to appoint a proxy and indicate votes on meeting proposals. It records the authority and choices used to cast votes without attending in person.
Shareholder meeting: A formal gathering where a company's shareholders consider proposals and conduct specified governance business. Proxy votes are generally cast on matters submitted at these meetings.
Shareholder proposal: A recommendation or request submitted by a shareholder for consideration at a company's meeting. Proxy materials present eligible proposals so shareholders can vote remotely.
Electronic voting: The submission of votes through electronic systems rather than paper ballots or physical attendance. It describes a voting channel; proxy voting describes who exercises the voting authority.
Shareholder of record: The person or entity listed as owning shares on a company's official records at a specified date. Only shareholders entitled at the record date can appoint proxies for that meeting.
Voting right: A legal or contractual entitlement to cast a vote on a decision or proposal. A proxy transfers the exercise of a shareholder's voting entitlement to an authorized representative.

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