Psychological types

Psychological types is Carl Jung’s theory of personality differences, organized around introversion and extraversion and the functions of thinking, feeling, sensation, and intuition.

Introversion: An attitude in Jung’s theory that directs psychic energy primarily toward the inner world of thoughts and images. It is one of the two basic attitudes Jung used to distinguish psychological types.
Dominant function: The psychological function that is most developed and influential in a person’s conscious orientation. Jung’s type descriptions distinguish people partly by their leading function.
Carl Jung: Swiss psychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology, known for theories of archetypes, the collective unconscious, and psychological types. He formulated the theory and presented it systematically in 1921.
Myers–Briggs Type Indicator: A self-report personality inventory that classifies preferences using four paired dimensions inspired partly by Jung’s typology. It is the best-known assessment developed from Jungian type ideas.
Trait theory: An approach to personality that describes individuals through continuous, measurable dimensions of stable characteristics. It contrasts with Jung’s focus on qualitative orientations and functional preferences.
Extraversion: An attitude in Jung’s theory that directs psychic energy primarily toward objects and the outer world. It contrasts with introversion as the model’s other basic orientation.
Auxiliary function: A secondary psychological function that supports the dominant function while differing from it in kind. It helps explain how a type’s primary orientation is balanced in practice.
Psychological Types (book): Carl Jung’s 1921 book presenting his account of introversion, extraversion, and the four psychological functions. It is the principal source in which Jung set out the model.
Katharine Cook Briggs: American writer who developed an early personality classification system and co-created the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator with her daughter. Her work translated Jung’s distinctions into a practical classification scheme.
Psychometrics: The field concerned with measuring psychological attributes and evaluating the reliability and validity of assessments. It supplies standards for judging claims made by type-based questionnaires.

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SocionicsRelated: Augustinavichiute drew on Jung's typology while reshaping it into Socionics.