Pump organ

A keyboard instrument that produces sound when air forced through free reeds makes them vibrate, usually powered by foot-operated bellows.

Free reed: A reed that vibrates through an opening in its frame, producing sound as air flows past it. Each note is generated by a free reed activated by airflow.
Reed organ: A keyboard instrument that produces sound by directing air through free reeds. Pump organs belong to the broader family of reed organs.
Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein: An eighteenth-century German-Danish scientist who demonstrated speech-like sounds from vibrating free reeds. His reed experiments helped establish the sound-producing principle used in reed organs.
Hymn: A religious song written for congregational worship. Pump organs commonly accompanied hymn singing in churches and missions.
Bellows: A device that draws in and expels air by expanding and compressing a flexible chamber. Foot-operated bellows supply the pressurized air that drives the reeds.
Harmonium: A free-reed keyboard instrument, commonly supplied with air by hand-operated bellows. It shares the pump organ’s free-reed sound source but typically uses hand pumping.
Alexandre Debain: A French instrument maker associated with the development and popularization of the harmonium. His harmonium helped shape the family of instruments that includes the pump organ.
Parlor music: Music performed in domestic rooms for household entertainment and social gatherings. The instrument supplied keyboard accompaniment in homes without a pipe organ.
Wind chest: An air reservoir and distribution chamber that directs wind to selected pipes or reeds. It routes bellows air to the reeds selected by the keyboard.
Accordion: A portable free-reed instrument with a keyboard or buttons and hand-operated bellows. It uses the same broad reed-and-bellows principle in a portable form.

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