Pyotr Wrangel

Pyotr Wrangel was a Russian military commander who led White forces in southern Russia during the Russian Civil War and organized their evacuation from Crimea in 1920.

Anton Denikin: A Russian general who commanded White forces in southern Russia before Wrangel succeeded him in 1920. Wrangel replaced Denikin as commander of the Armed Forces of South Russia.
Crimean evacuation: The November 1920 withdrawal of White forces and civilians from Crimea by sea. Wrangel organized this evacuation after the Red Army broke through the Perekop defenses.
White Army: The military forces that fought against the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War. Wrangel reorganized the surviving White forces into a defensive army based in Crimea.
Russian emigration: The departure of Russians abroad in successive waves caused by political upheaval, war, and repression. The evacuation placed Wrangel’s troops and civilians among the major post-revolutionary exile communities.
Alexander Kolchak: A Russian admiral who led the White government in Siberia during the Russian Civil War. Kolchak’s eastern White government was a rival center of anti-Bolshevik power.
Perekop–Chongar Operation: The Red Army’s November 1920 offensive that breached the White defenses guarding Crimea. Its success made Wrangel’s continued defense of Crimea untenable.
Perekop Isthmus: A narrow land passage connecting the Crimean Peninsula to mainland Ukraine. Its fortifications formed the principal land barrier protecting Wrangel’s Crimean base.
Gallipoli exile: The temporary settlement of evacuated Russian White troops in and around Gallipoli, Turkey, after 1920. Wrangel’s army was housed there after its removal from Crimea.
Nikolai Yudenich: A Russian general who led White forces in an unsuccessful 1919 advance toward Petrograd. Yudenich’s campaign illustrates the separate fronts and leadership of the White movement.
Russian Civil War: The armed conflict from 1917 to 1922 among the Bolsheviks, their opponents, and other political and national forces. Wrangel’s southern campaign was one of the war’s last major White fronts.

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Russian diasporaRelated: The evacuation he led marked a major beginning of organized White Russian exile.