Qira'at

Qira'at are canonical modes of Quranic recitation transmitted through distinct chains of authority. They preserve recognized differences in pronunciation, vocalization, and, in some cases, wording.

Quran: The central religious text of Islam, regarded by Muslims as divine revelation in Arabic. Qira'at are recognized modes of reciting this text.
Transmission of the Quran: The historical preservation and communication of the Quran through oral recitation and written texts. Qira'at developed within overlapping oral and written transmission.
Hafs an Asim: A transmission of the Quranic reading associated with Hafs, who transmitted from Asim ibn Abi al-Najud. This route underlies the most widely used modern printed Quran.
Quranic readings: The ways Quranic words are vocalized and recited, including canonical and noncanonical forms. Qira'at are the recognized canonical subset of a broader range of readings.
Arabic script: The writing system used for Arabic, written from right to left and generally representing consonants with optional vowel marks. Early Quranic manuscripts often left short vowels and other distinctions unmarked.
Ibn Mujahid: A tenth-century scholar who selected seven Quranic reading traditions for a widely influential canon. His selection helped establish the best-known set of seven readings.
Warsh an Nafi: A transmission of the Quranic reading associated with Warsh, who transmitted from Nafi of Medina. Its use in parts of North and West Africa illustrates a major regional reading tradition.
Shadhdh readings: Noncanonical Quranic readings that do not meet the accepted criteria for inclusion among the canonical readings. They preserve reported variants but lack canonical standing.
Tajwid: The rules governing the pronunciation and recitation of the Quran. Tajwid governs performance, while qira'at specify transmitted reading traditions.
Ibn al-Jazari: A fifteenth-century scholar of Quranic recitation who systematized the canonical readings and their transmission routes. His scholarship shaped the later ten-reading canon.

Linked from 17 pages