Radicalization

Radicalization is a process in which a person or group adopts increasingly radical political or religious beliefs. It can involve support for violence, but does not always do so.

Social identity theory: A theory explaining how group membership shapes self-conception, attitudes, and behavior. Group identification can make political causes feel central to personal identity.
Radical politics: Political thought and action seeking fundamental change to an existing social or political order. Radical political aims do not by themselves establish support for violence.
Extremism: Beliefs or actions far outside a society's prevailing political or social norms. Radicalization is often discussed as movement toward extremist positions.
Counter-radicalization: Policies and programs intended to prevent or reduce the adoption of extremist beliefs. It addresses radicalization before or apart from coercive security responses.
Radicalization models: Explanatory frameworks describing factors and sequences associated with extremist belief formation or violence. Competing models differ on whether pathways are staged, conditional, or highly individual.
Group polarization: The tendency for discussion among like-minded people to shift a group's views toward more extreme positions. It helps explain how insular groups can intensify shared commitments.
Violent extremism: Support for, preparation of, or use of violence to advance ideological or political goals. It marks a narrower, violence-centered category than radicalization.
Political violence: Violence used to pursue political objectives or influence political power. It is a possible outcome, not a necessary feature, of radicalization.
Prevent strategy: The United Kingdom's counterterrorism program focused on preventing people from becoming terrorists or supporting terrorism. It is a prominent example of state efforts to intervene before terrorist violence.
Risk assessment: The systematic estimation of the likelihood that a person or situation will produce a harmful outcome. Predicting who will move from beliefs to violence remains difficult and error-prone.

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