Radovan Karadžić

Radovan Karadžić is a Bosnian Serb politician and psychiatrist who led Republika Srpska during the Bosnian War. International courts convicted him of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.

Srebrenica massacre: The July 1995 mass killing of more than 8,000 Bosniak men and boys by Bosnian Serb forces. The tribunal found Karadžić responsible for genocide connected to the massacre.
Republika Srpska: One of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s two entities, established during the Bosnian War and dominated by Bosnian Serb institutions. Karadžić served as its wartime president and helped shape its political direction.
Breakup of Yugoslavia: The dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia into independent states during the 1990s. The state’s collapse created the political crisis in which Karadžić rose to power.
Alija Izetbegović: A Bosniak political leader who served as president of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Bosnian War. His presidency represented the internationally recognized Bosnian government opposed by Karadžić’s separatist project.
Karadžić trial: The international criminal proceedings against Radovan Karadžić, culminating in convictions affirmed on appeal in 2019. The trial tested evidence about his authority, intent, and responsibility for crimes across Bosnia.
Siege of Sarajevo: The nearly four-year encirclement and bombardment of Sarajevo by Bosnian Serb forces during the Bosnian War. Karadžić was convicted for crimes committed during the siege.
Army of Republika Srpska: The Bosnian Serb army that fought during the Bosnian War from 1992 to 1995. The tribunal examined how political and military leaders related to forces carrying out crimes.
Bosnian War: The 1992–1995 armed conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina involving Bosniak, Bosnian Serb, and Bosnian Croat forces. Karadžić’s presidency and the crimes for which he was convicted belong to this war.
Slobodan Milošević: The Serbian president who dominated Serbian politics during the breakup of Yugoslavia and the Bosnian War. The prosecution examined Karadžić’s political and military links with Milošević’s government.
International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals: A United Nations body that carries out remaining functions of the tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia. Its appeals chamber upheld Karadžić’s convictions and increased his sentence to life imprisonment.

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