Rakhine State

Rakhine State is a coastal state in western Myanmar, bordering Bangladesh and the Bay of Bengal. Its population includes Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims, amid a long-running conflict and displacement crisis.

Kingdom of Mrauk U: A powerful Arakanese kingdom centered on Mrauk U that flourished from the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries. Its former capital and monuments anchor Rakhine historical identity.
Rakhine people: An ethnic group native to the coastal region of western Myanmar, with a distinct language and predominantly Buddhist traditions. Their identity and political aspirations are central to state politics.
Rohingya genocide: A campaign of mass violence against the Rohingya by Myanmar security forces, especially during the 2016–2017 operations. It drove mass flight from northern Rakhine and prompted genocide allegations.
Bay of Bengal: A northeastern arm of the Indian Ocean bordered by South and Southeast Asian countries. It defines Rakhine’s western coastline and maritime connections.
Chin State: A mountainous state in western Myanmar bordering India and Bangladesh. It shares Rakhine’s western-border setting but has a different geography and ethnic composition.
Arakan: A historical name for the coastal region now largely corresponding to Rakhine State. The region’s older name persists in historical writing and political discourse.
Rohingya: A predominantly Muslim ethnic group with deep roots in northern Rakhine State whose identity and citizenship are contested by Myanmar authorities. Their persecution and displacement have made Rakhine a focus of international concern.
Rohingya refugee crisis: The mass displacement of Rohingya people from Myanmar, especially to Bangladesh, amid persecution and violence. The crisis links events in Rakhine to one of the world’s largest refugee populations.
Sittwe: The capital and principal port of Rakhine State, located near the Kaladan River’s mouth. Its port makes the city central to regional transport and trade plans.
Ayeyarwady Region: A low-lying administrative region in southern Myanmar centered on the Irrawaddy River delta. Its inland delta landscape contrasts with Rakhine’s coastal mountain ranges.

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