Ramadan Revolution

The Ramadan Revolution was the February 8, 1963 coup that overthrew Iraq’s government and briefly brought the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to power.

Abdul Salam Arif: An Iraqi army officer and politician who became president after the February 1963 coup. He helped lead the coup and became its central public figure, despite tensions with the Ba'athists.
14 July Revolution: The 1958 Iraqi coup that ended the Hashemite monarchy and established a republic. Its overthrow of the monarchy created the republic and political rivalries in which the 1963 coup developed.
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr: An Iraqi army officer and Ba'athist politician who later became president of Iraq. He was a senior Ba'athist organizer in the coup and became prime minister afterward.
November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état: The November 1963 military coup in Iraq that ended the Ba'ath Party’s first period in government. Arif’s faction expelled the Ba'athists from power only months after the Ramadan Revolution.
Iraqi National Guard: A Ba'athist paramilitary force established in Iraq after the 1963 coup. It enforced the new regime’s authority and became notorious for arrests and violence.
Iraqi Ba'ath Party: The Iraqi branch of the Arab nationalist Ba'ath movement, which governed Iraq after the 1963 coup. Its underground organization and opposition to Qasim supplied the coup’s political core.
Ali Salih al-Sa'di: An Iraqi Ba'athist politician who led the party’s civilian faction in 1963. His influence in the party and National Guard sharpened its struggle with Arif’s supporters.
Ba'athist Iraq: The Iraqi state under Ba'ath Party rule, especially from 1968 to 2003. The 1963 takeover was the party’s first brief experience governing Iraq, before its later return.
Abd al-Karim Qasim: An Iraqi army officer who ruled Iraq from 1958 until his overthrow and death in 1963. The coup’s plotters targeted Qasim’s government and killed him during the takeover.
United Arab Republic: A political union of Egypt and Syria that existed from 1958 to 1961. Debates over Arab unity and Iraq’s possible relationship with the union intensified conflict between Qasim and his rivals.

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