Ramon Llull

Ramon Llull (c. 1232–1316) was a Catalan philosopher, theologian, poet, and missionary who devised the Art, a system using combinatorial diagrams to explore and argue for Christian truths.

Ars magna: A developed form of Llull’s Art, using letters and rotating figures to generate combinations of concepts. This is the best-known name for the mature system Llull built from his principles.
Lullian Art: Llull’s method of reasoning, which uses symbolic principles and combinations to investigate questions and establish conclusions. Its rules explain how the principles and figures operate as a method rather than as decoration.
Majorca: A Mediterranean island that was a center of Llull’s life and work under Christian rule after its conquest in 1229. Llull was born and spent much of his life on the island.
Christian mission to Muslims: Efforts by Christian institutions and individuals to preach Christianity to Muslim communities. Llull designed arguments and advocated language study to support this missionary aim.
Giordano Bruno: An Italian philosopher who adapted combinatorial and mnemonic techniques in works on knowledge and the universe. Bruno drew on Llullian arts and developed them into elaborate systems of combination.
Llullian circle: A circular diagram used in Llull’s Art to display and combine symbolic terms. Its rotating combinations show how the Art turns abstract principles into a procedure.
Ars demonstrativa: A work by Llull presenting a demonstrative form of his Art through figures and principles. It offers a concrete account of how the Art was intended to support demonstrations.
Ramon Llull's conversion: Llull’s reported religious transformation, after which he devoted himself to Christian writing and missionary work. His conversion redirected his life toward the intellectual and missionary projects behind the Art.
Interreligious dialogue: Exchange and discussion among people or traditions with different religious commitments. Llull’s proposed rational disputations provide a medieval case of debate across religious boundaries.
Athanasius Kircher: A seventeenth-century Jesuit scholar who wrote on languages, nature, and systems of knowledge. Kircher revived and reinterpreted Llullian combinatorial methods in the early modern period.

Linked from 2 pages